Exposure to Korean dramas does not influence adolescent girls to consume alcoholic beverages: a case study in Medan city

Backrround: Korean dramas are fictional stories whose scenes have a picture of the life of Korean society itself. So that teenagers are very enthusiastic about following the style and culture in the Korean drama such as: lifestyle, fashion, Korean food and drinks. One of them is soju which is an alcoholic drink so this can cause curiosity which results in teenagers consuming alcoholic drinks. Purpose: To determine whether there is an influence of exposure to Korean dramas on the behavior of consuming alcoholic beverages among high school students in Medan city. Methods: Data collection in this study used primary data, obtained from respondents by filling out questionnaires distributed to 4 high schools in Medan city. questionnaires containing questions related to the research title that have met the inclusion and exclusion criteria with a total sample of 28 students per school. Then statistical testing was carried out with univariate and bivariate analysis. Result: Based on the results of the study there was no relationship between exposure to Korean dramas and alcohol consumption behavior in 4 schools there were significant results SMA raksana Medan (P=0.307), SMAN 5 Medan (P=0.326), SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Medan (P=0.618). and finally MAN 2 Medan (P = 0.576). Based on gender characteristics, the sig. value of 0.000 was obtained, this value is <0.05, so it can be decided that there is a relationship between gender and alcohol consumption behavior. It was found that Korean dramas watched by high school students in Medan City did not affect their behavior in consuming alcohol, this result is the result of research from 4 schools used as research samples.


INTRODUCTION
Westernization and globalization have dominated the world's products and cultures, but now the Korean Wave is a form of Asian cultural globalization that replaces Western domination.The spread of the Korean Wave is seen through various media such as Korean dramas, pop music, fashion, language, and food.Korean dramas showcase the lives of Korean people with every scene reflecting Korean lifestyle, fashion, food, and drinks.A typical Korean alcoholic drink called soju has become popular among teenagers who enthusiastically follow Korean dramas (Larasati, 2018).Korean dramas are fictional stories whose every scene has a picture of the life of Korean society itself.Teenagers are very enthusiastic about following what is in the Korean drama, such as lifestyle, fashion, Korean food and drinks.It is not uncommon for the audience to forget the time in watching this Korean drama so that they miss their bedtime, while having good quality sleep is important for health because several toxin clearance mechanisms occur during this period, which are very important for immunity, cardiovascular, reproductive function, endocrine and to control pain (Firda Seftiana KrismiatI, 2021).In addition, by imitating westernization in Indonesia, the prevalence of adolescents who have premarital sex is increasing from year to year (Impact & Westernization, 2022).The effects of alcohol can also lead to promiscuity which can lead to promiscuous sex which results in HIV/AIDS.HIV/AIDS is the first contributor to death in the world (Boy, E., 2015).
Soju is a Korean alcoholic beverage made from rice or can use substitutes such as yam, wheat, barley, and tapioca.The alcohol content of Soju ranges from 20-40%.Soju can also be classified by its alcohol content, with fruit flavors having an alcohol content of around 16%, bottled Soju without flavors reaching 22%, and traditional Soju can reach 40% alcohol content.In Malaysia, the Korean cultural trend has been received quickly and aggressively.Surveys show that most Malaysians have watched Korean dramas and movies, and listened to Korean pop songs.Satisfaction with Korean dramas, movies and songs is also high among Malaysian respondents (Baharum et al., 2020).Every scene in Korean dramas, be it weddings, birthdays or grieving, they will consume a typical Korean alcoholic drink called soju (Linggarwati et al., 2021).Soju, sul, munbaeju, gyeongju and gwasilju are traditional Korean alcoholic drinks that have been proclaimed as intangible cultural heritage.Institute of "Cultural Heritage Administration" in South Korea (Serfiyani et al., 2020).
Malaysia has picked up the trend faster and more aggressively.The Korean Foundation for Asian Cultural Exchange has conducted a survey of 1,543 people living in Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand from September 26 to October 14, 2015.About 44.3% of Malaysian respondents had watched "Korean tv dramas", 19.2% had seen "Korean movies", and 4.7% had listened to "Korean pop songs" (Ho, 2010).Alcoholic beverages are drinks produced through distillation and contain ethanol derived from the fermentation of grains, fruits, or vegetables.Examples include wine, vodka, gin, rum, whiskey, and soju.These drinks have opiate properties and can cause dependence, both physical and psychological (Salim Utina Lecturer in Psychology IAIN Sultan Amai Gorontalo Sitriah, n.d.).In the Ministry of Health Regulation No.86/Men.Kes/Per/IV/1977 dated April 29, 1977 which regulates the production and circulation of liquor, what is meant by liquor is all types of alcoholic beverages but not drugs and includes three groups, namely Group A (ethanol content 1-5%), B (ethanol content 5-20%), C (ethanol content 20-55%) (Research et al., 2016).
Teenagers are the successors of the nation who need to be saved from alcohol consumption behavior.Many adolescents are not fully aware of the adverse effects that this habit has on their health.The population of adolescents aged 15-19 years in 2022 until February reached 22,176,543 people, while the level of alcohol consumption habits in North Sumatra at that age reached 3.18% of the North Sumatra population based on 2018 Riskesdes data (Firdaus et al., 2022).With a young age, teenagers are required to forge education at school with the aim of becoming a human being who is knowledgeable, skilled, experienced, has a personality, has a noble character, and is independent (Education, 2018).In addition, Islam prohibits Muslims from consuming alcoholic beverages, which is emphasized in the Quran and the traditions of the Prophet Muhammad S.A.W.This prohibition is explained in surah An-Nisa verse 43 and surah Al-Maidah verse 90.Therefore, it is very important to educate adolescents about the negative effects of alcoholic beverages and the importance of avoiding them in accordance with religious values and to protect their future (Baharum et al., 2020).The Prophet said: "I was sent with a sword until Allah alone is worshipped, there is no partner for Him; made my sustenance under the shadow of my spear; and made humiliation and lowliness for anyone who deviates from my cause.Whoever imitates a people, then he is among them (H.R. Ahmad) (Matondang, 2018).
Korean drama is a culture / art that refers to television dramas in Korea in a miniseries format and uses Korean where Korean dramas tell stories of human life that are presented using Korean as the language of instruction (Linggarwati et al., 2021).Behavior is a person's response or reaction to an external stimulus (stimulus).Behavior can be grouped into two, namely covered behavior and overt behavior (Apsari et al., 2016).Due to the development of the Korean drama industry in Indonesia and every scene contains elements of consuming alcoholic beverages, it is necessary to conduct research related to the influence of exposure to Korean dramas on the behavior of consuming alcoholic beverages in high school students in Medan city.

METHOD
This reseal rch is al n al nal lytic descriptive study with al cross-sectional l study design.In cross sectional l reseal rch the cal use or risk al nd effect val rial bles or cal ses thal t occur in the object of reseal rch al re meal sured or collected al t the sal me time (M Sopiyudin Dal hlal n, 2014).This reseal rch will be conducted al t: SMAl N 5, SMAl Muhal mmal diyal h 2, MAl N 2, SMAl Ral ksal nal .The populal tion of this study is Senior High School Students in Medal n City in 2022.The sal mples of this study were Clal ss XII High School Students in Medal n City in 2022 who met the inclusion al nd exclusion criterial .The dal tal used is primal ry dal tal obtal ined from filling out questionnal ires filled out by respondents.The first step tal ken wal s for the reseal rcher to give informed consent to the respondents.Al fter being checked for completeness, dal tal processing wal s then cal rried out.
The minimum sal mple size wal s cal lculal ted using the sal mple size formulal using hypothesis testing for unpal ired cal tegorical l compal ral tive al nal lytic reseal rch.With al total l sal mple of 112 al dolescents or 28 students per school.Primal ry dal tal in this study is dal tal obtal ined directly from dal tal sources, nal mely by filling out questionnal ires by respondents conducted directly by reseal rchers on reseal rch sal mples.The questionnal ire from this study is al val lid al nd relial ble questionnal ire.Dal tal al nal lysis for this study uses stal tistical l tests.The dal tal collected will then be processed using computer equipment, nal mely SPSS.The dal tal were al nal lyzed descriptively al nal lytical lly al nd then the results were presented in the form of al frequency distribution tal ble to determine the al veral ge difference between the two ordinal l val rial bles.The dal tal al nal lysis used is unival rial te al nd bival rial te al nal lysis.In the subject of this study, it wal s found thal t women were more respondents thal n men.In the control group results, the percental ge of femal le respondents wal s 64.3% al nd women al re more interested in wal tching Koreal n dral mal s becal use women tend to use emotions al nd feelings (Al nwal r et al l., 2019).Koreal n dral mal wal tchers who tend to be women will wal nt to visit South Koreal becal use of the experiences they see in the dral mal (Hal q, 2019).Bal sed on the results of this study, it wal s found thal t women tended to be more interested in wal tching this Koreal n dral mal with al high cal tegory of 12 respondents (10.7%) while men were 0 respondents (0%).This is in line with previous reseal rch which explal ins thal t women like Koreal n dral mal s more thal n men (Lugal s & Furrie, 2021).In this Koreal n dral mal exposure, the al udience will focus on this spectal cle which will trigger al stimulus to al ctival te the five humal n senses which will trigger more al ttention so thal t they will follow whal t they see (Al delial et al l., n.d.).

RESULT Al ND DISCUSSION
This study concluded thal t Koreal n dral mal does not hal ve al significal nt influence on al lcohol consumption behal vior al mong high school students in Medal n.The mal jority of respondents hal d al low level of exposure to Koreal n dral mal s al nd low al lcohol consumption behal vior al s 58.9% of women in the low cal tegory al nd 20.5% in the low cal tegory (Al llen Rose et al l., 2020).Gender fal ctors plal y al n importal nt role, where mal les tend to hal ve al higher chal nce of consuming al lcohol thal n femal les (Zumal roh & Risnal , 2015).In al ddition, internal l fal ctors such al s curiosity, eleval ted mood, stress relief al nd to look mal cho al lso influence al lcohol consumption behal vior in al dolescents (Mal ulal & Yunial stuti, 2017).For femal les who consume al lcohol, al possible fal ctor is thal t femal les al re more likely to internal lize the problem of using al lcohol to relieve their stress or depression ral ther thal n al s al meal ns of mal turing, whereal s mal les al re more likely to external lize such negal tive feelings outwal rdly al s al ntisocial l behal vior (Kal ng et al l., 2020).Al lcohol consumption is one of the mal in fal ctors thal t cal use al person to suffer from cal ncer of the upper al urodigestive tral ct (oral l cal vity, esophal gus, phal rynx al nd lal rynx) (Hidal yal t, 2020).
Bal sed on the results of reseal rch on interest in consuming soju al fter wal tching Koreal n dral mal s, it wal s found thal t 54 respondents (48.2%) chose strongly disal gree, which meal ns thal t there is no effect of Koreal n dral mal s on interest in consuming soju or Koreal n special l drinks.Soju is distilled using val rious types of ral w mal terial ls such al s glutinous rice, bal rley, non-glutinous rice, wheal t, sorghum, al nd corn (Reseal rch et al l., 2016).This Koreal n hal bit is often found when wal tching Koreal n dral mal s.The hal bit of Koreal ns who like to drink soju in al lmost every al ctivity must be drinking soju, such al s al t al celebral tion of something, al t al funeral l, even when sal d, Koreal ns vent it by drinking soju (Al tiral & Hal smiral , 2022).Al lthough soju is al n al lcoholic drink, there is al lso non-al lcoholic soju.Al ccording to the results of previous reseal rch Interest, Muslim consumers in the use of non-al lcoholic soju products from the results of interviews thal t reseal rchers conducted with informal nts collected showed thal t their interest wal s so high.Soju, which is al typical l Koreal n al lcoholic drink thal t often al ppeal rs in Koreal n dral mal series, wal s then innoval ted by creal tive entrepreneurs from Bal ndung into non-al lcoholic soju drinks so thal t mal ny wal nted to tal ste the drink.Al lthough it al ctual lly tal stes the sal me al s al mojito drink, the only difference is the wal y the pal ckal ging is poured into al green bottle al nd lal beled like Koreal n al lcoholic soju.Al nd this drink does not contal in al ny al lcohol (Ral hmal yosal et al l., 2022).

CONCLUSIONS Al ND SUGGESTIONS
Bal sed on the results of the reseal rch thal t hal s been done, several l conclusions cal n be dral wn y The results showed thal t Koreal n dral mal s wal tched by Medal n City high school students did not al ffect their behal vior in consuming al lcohol, this result is the result of reseal rch from 4 schools used al s reseal rch sal mples nal mely MAl N 2 Medal n, SMAl Ral ksal nal , SMAl N 5 Medal n al nd SMAl Muhal mmal diyal h 2 Medal n.Suggestions for future reseal rch al re thal t the local tion al nd respondents of the reseal rch be expal nded.Al lso, suggestions thal t cal n be given to schools al re the need for counseling guidal nce to students who consume al lcohol in order to reduce al dverse effects in the future.
This study wal s conducted to exal mine the effect of Koreal n dral mal exposure on al lcohol consumption behal vior al mong high school students in Medal n city.The al nal lysis showed thal t Koreal n dral mal s wal tched by high school students in Medal n did not influence their al lcohol consumption behal vior.Fal ctors such al s gender, curiosity, mood, stress relief, fal mily, friends, al nd tral dition plal y al greal ter role in al dolescent al lcohol consumption behal vior (Mal eng et al l., 2021).Koreal n dral mal s cal n influence al dolescents' interest in visiting South Koreal al nd leal rning al bout Koreal n culture, lal ngual ge al nd fal shion styles (Tital nial & Hal ryal nto, 2022).Fal mily, friends, al nd tral dition al lso plal y al role in al dolescent al lcohol consumption behal vior.Fal milies with dysfunctional l relal tionships, such al s conflict, neglect, inconsistent communical tion, mal y encoural ge al dolescents to use al lcohol al s al n escal pe (Ilmial h et al l., 2017).Peer pressure cal n al lso influence al dolescent al lcohol consumption behal vior.Al lthough Koreal n dral mal s hal ve no effect on al lcohol consumption behal vior, they cal n influence al dolescents' interest in visiting South Koreal , leal rning Koreal n, al nd al dopting Koreal n-style fal shion (Pral sal nti, 2020).
Overal ll, this study shows thal t Koreal n dral mal s hal ve no direct influence on al lcohol consumption behal vior al mong high school students in Medal n.Other fal ctors such al s gender, curiosity, mood, stress relief, fal mily, friends, al nd tral dition hal ve al more dominal nt role in al dolescent al lcohol consumption behal vior.However, Koreal n dral mal s cal n hal ve al positive influence in terms of interest in Koreal n culture, lal ngual ge, al nd fal shion style.

Table 1 . Description of Respondents in terms of characteristics
Bal sed on tal ble 1, it wal s found thal t women were more respondents (64.3%) thal n men 35.7%.Bal sed on tal ble 1, the results obtal ined on exposure to Koreal n dral mal s in the low cal tegory al re (66%) with moderal te (22%) al nd high (12%) cal tegories.Bal sed on tal ble 1, the results obtal ined on the behal vior of consuming al lcoholic beveral ges in the low cal tegory were 89 respondents (79.4%) with moderal te (20.3%) al nd high (0.3%) cal tegories.

. Frequency Distribution of the frequency of consuming soju after watching Korean drama
the tal ble al bove, it is obtal ined thal t out of 112 respondents, 54 respondents al nswered strongly disal gree with al percental ge of 48.2%, 37 respondents al nswered disal gree with al percental ge of 33%, 19 respondents al nswered al gree with al percental ge of 17%, al nd 2 respondents al nswered strongly al gree with al percental ge of 1.8%.

Table 3 Distribution of Gender with Exposure to Korean dramas
, it is obtal ined thal t respondents with femal le gender al re 12 people with detal ils of 31 respondents hal ving low exposure to Koreal n dral mal s with al percental ge of 27.7%, 29 respondents hal ve moderal te exposure to Koreal n dral mal s with al percental ge of 25.9%, al nd 12 respondents hal ve high exposure to Koreal n dral mal s with al percental ge of 10.7%.In the mal le gender, there were 40 respondents with detal ils of 35 respondents hal ving low Koreal n dral mal exposure with al percental ge of 31.3%, 5 respondents hal d moderal te Koreal n dral mal exposure with al percental ge of 5%, al nd 0 respondents hal d high Koreal n dral mal exposure with al percental ge of 0%.In al ddition, al sig.val lue of 0.000 wal s obtal ined, this val lue is <0.05, so it cal n be decided thal t there is al relal tionship between gender al nd exposure to Koreal n dral mal s.

Table 4 Distribution of Gender with Alcohol Consumption Behavior
the tal ble al bove, it is obtal ined thal t 72 respondents with femal le gender with detal ils of 66 respondents hal ve the behal vior of consuming low al lcoholic beveral ges with al percental ge of 58.9%, 5 respondents hal ve the behal vior of consuming moderal te al lcoholic beveral ges with al percental ge of 5%, al nd 1 respondent hal s the behal vior of consuming high al lcoholic beveral ges with al percental ge of 0.9%.In the mal le gender, there were 40 respondents with detal ils of 23 respondents hal ving low high al lcoholic beveral ge consumption behal vior with al percental ge of 20.5%, 14 respondents hal d moderal te high al lcoholic beveral ge consumption behal vior with al percental ge of 12.5%, al nd 3 respondents hal d high al lcoholic beveral ge consumption behal vior with al percental ge of 2.7%.In al ddition, al sig.val lue of 0.000 wal s obtal ined, this val lue <0.05, so it cal n be decided thal t there is al relal tionship between gender al nd the behal vior of consuming al lcoholic beveral ges.