Mother's Employment Status with Fine Motor Development

Received 13 February 2021 Accepted 4 August 2021 Published 5 September 2021 According to WHO, 5-25% of pre-school age children suffer from minor brain dysfunction including impaired fine motor development of children. The age of 5 years is a good period for motoric development of children, especially gross motor development, meanwhile, the age of 4-6 years is a golden period for the development of fine motor skills of children. Children aged 4-6 years can understand and grasp what is directed by the mother so That the child can easily interect and build social relationship. This study aims to determine the relationship between maternal employment status and fine motoric development of children aged 4-6 years in Mentari PAUD. The research method used was an analytic survey with a cross sectional study design. The research instruments were questionnaires, developmental pre-screening sheets and the development pre-screening sheet (KPSP). The results of statistical tests using Chi-Square obtained that the value of X2 was calculated as the value of p = 0.028 (p <0.05). In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between maternal employment status and fine motoric development of children. The suggestions for families are expected to be able to help parents in stimulating children when the mother or child's parents are working. Keyword:

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INTRODUCTION
In the process of early childhood development, they experience very rapid development, have their own world and characteristics that are far different from those of adults. Children are always active, dynamic, enthusiastic, and want to know what they see and hear, as if they never stop learning. Children are also egocentric, naturally curious, social, unique, rich, and fantasy, have short attention span, and are the most potential for learning (Wahyudin, et al. 2016).
Children need to get developmental stimulation as early as possible. The stimulation is an activity to stimulate the basic abilities of children to grow and develop optimally. Lack of stimulation can lead to irregularities in child development and even persistent disturbances. This requires the role of mothers as parents to care for and protect their children in order to achieve optimal growth and development. Parents, both father and mother, work together to reduce the interaction between parent and child.
According to WHO (World Health Organization) 5-25% of pre-school age children suffer from minor brain dysfunction including impaired fine motor development of children even though pre-school age or at the age of 5 years is a good period for children's motor development, especially gross motor development, while age 4-6 years is a golden period for fine motoric development of children. Children aged 4-6 years can understand and understand what is directed by the mother so that the child can easily interact and establish social relationships (Hikmadhayani, 2014).
Parents are figures that cannot be separated from the development process of their children, especially mothers. Most of the mothers have taken a more role in society, namely as workers. The data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) amounted to 133.94 million of the Indonesian workforce, and women who had a job of 51 million increased compared to 2017 which numbered 46 million and mothers who worked as housewives, 32 million decreased compared to 2017 which reached 36 million. Until often parents ignore the development of children from an early age until there are deviations or delays which are certainly not expected (Badan Pusat Statistika,2018).
The role of parents is very important in every stage of a child's development. Parental accuracy is needed because each child has different stages of development, this is necessary so that the child reaches the peak of optimal development (gain moment). A child needs experience and makes his own discoveries to optimize his learning moments. However, parents must also accompany the child in order to create gaint moments with the child that is needed in their development, especially in the golden period of their life (Mahayu 2014).
Gorontalo Provincial Health Office data shows that the total number of children under five in 2017 was 214,481 people. Meanwhile in 2018, the number of children under five was 209,729 people (Dikes Prov. Gorontalo, 2018).
The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between maternal employment status and fine motoric development of children aged 4-6 years in PAUD Mentari Kota Timur.

Research participants
This study used a cross sectional study survey design. The population and research subject is all students in PAUD Mentari aged 4-6 years, totaling 35 people. The sampling technique is total sampling. The independent variable is work and the dependent variable is fine motor development. This research was conducted at PAUD Mentari Kota Timur in 2019.

Research procedure
Begins by informing the research procedure to be carried out, and if the respondent agrees then it is continued by filling out the informed consent. Furthermore, the student's mother filled out a questionnaire to identify general, their work and daily activities. Fine motor assessment is carried out directly to students to obtain information on the stages of growth and development. The assessment was carried out according to the KPSP observation sheet by using tools such as ballpoint pens, paper, scissors, and game aids.

Instrument
The research instrument used was a questionnaire consisting of questions about the identity of the respondent and mothers employment.The tools and materialsused to assess children's fine motor skills are adjusted to the developmental pre-screening sheets (KPSP), by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia.

Data analysis
Data processing is in the form of univariate data analysis to assess the distribution of frequency distributions and the bivariate test is chi square by using SPSS program. According to Hurlock, 1998 this age is an early adulthood or reproductive period where the roles at this time include the role of a life partner and as a parent who always gives time to educate and care for children. In addition to this, the role of parents at this age is to stimulate children's growth and development and focus on parenting patterns. At middle age or over 40 years of age in addition to experiencing physical, intellectual and psychological decline, this age experiences different role functions, namely to better prepare themselves to be separated from their children. The age of the parents affects the role in determining parenting styles, each stage of development has its own role, the older the parents are, the different the role from the previous age.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Based on table 1, it was found that 22 respondents had ≤2 children with the highest presentation, namely 63%. According to the BKKBN, the parity ≤2 is the ideal number of children for parents in carrying out the functions of teasing, caring and fostering. Parents are responsible for providing a safe environment, monitoring children's activities, helping develop social and cognitive emotions, and providing direction and guidance in everyday life. By providing a safe and conducive home environment, children will enjoy playing. The relationship between parents and children is very important to build trust in others and in yourself. In addition, it can also help with social, emotional and cognitive development in children.
Based on table 1, it was found that 22 respondents had ≤2 children with the highest presentation, namely 63%. According to the BKKBN, the parity ≤2 is the ideal number of children for parents in carrying out the functions of teasing, caring and fostering. Parents are responsible for providing a safe environment, monitoring children's activities, helping develop social and cognitive emotions, and providing direction and guidance in everyday life. By providing a safe and conducive home environment, children will enjoy playing. The relationship between parents and children is very important to build trust in others and in yourself. In addition, it can also help with social, emotional and cognitive development in children. Table 1 shows that 18 mothers have secondary education with a percentage of 51.4%. The level of education greatly affects the knowledge of parents about child development, and can also have an impact on the ability to absorb information and practice it in childcare so that it can develop properly. However, the development of science and technology makes it easy for parents to access information related to children's development. So that even though the level of education is lacking, they still have good knowledge in parenting.
Knowledge is the domain of behavior. The higher a person's knowledge level, the more lasting the behavior will be. The higher a person's education level, the easier it is to get information, so that the mother's ability to think more rationally. Education can also affect health, the higher a person's level of education, the level of health awareness increases. In other words, a mother who knows and understands child development, will behave according to what she knows (Podungge, 2020).  Table 2 shows that most of the respondents, namely 21 people (60%) do not work or their daily activities are housewives. Work is a series of tasks or activities that must be carried out by a person in accordance with their respective positions or professions. The positive aspect of working mothers is to support the household economy, so that they can meet the needs of life and to get a good quality of life for the family in terms of nutrition, education, shelter, clothing, holidays and entertainment as well as the desired health service facilities. Table 2 shows that the majority of children (82.9%) experienced motor development according to the child's age.
Motor development is the process of developing movement in children which is based on physical and nervous maturity. Motor development is divided into two types, namely fine motor and gross motoric skills. Gross motor skills are the development of movement which includes balance and coordination between limbs such as walking, jumping or running. While fine motoric is the development of motion which includes small muscles with eye and hand coordination. Examples include drawing, writing, cutting, putting together a puzzle, or inserting a block according to its shape. The development of the first child is gross motor skills, followed by fine motor skills. Ideally, in healthy children, gross motor development is directly proportional to fine motor skills.. The growth and development of children is influenced by various things outside of themselves, especially their immediate environment, namely their parents. One of the factors that influence is the activities of parents, including in this case is their activities at work. Parents' working hours at work can affect children's growth and development. Even though parents have good education and knowledge in terms of growth and development stimulation, if they are busy working, of course it will make parents unable to do this role and vice versa.
Mothers who work or do not work must be equipped with knowledge about development because it is a compulsory thing that must be owned by parents of children. Stimulation and monitoring of children's development, both gross movements, fine movements, children's speech and language, as well as socialization and independence of a child must be monitored intensively by parents to avoid deviations in child development according to the age classification of a child under five. Mothers who do not work do have a lot of time in caring for their children, but if the parents do not have knowledge it will affect the child's development.
In childhood, the growth and development of brain cells is still ongoing. At this time, the importance of parents, especially mothers, is very influential in providing stimulation or stimulation as early as possible so that the child can grow optimally. Parents, especially mothers, must perform adequate stimulation, namely stimulating the ability of the brain so that the ability to move, speak and language, socialization and independence take place optimally, grow and develop according to age (Soetjiningsih, 2016).
In the development of children aged 4-6 years, there is increased physical activity and increased skills and thinking processes. In addition to the environment inside the house, the environment outside the home is introduced by children starting to enjoy playing outside the home, children starting to make friends and even many families who spend most of their children's time playing outside the home by bringing children to playgrounds, city parks, or other places. a place that provides facilities for children (Mariana, 2015). Many factors affect a child's motor development, such as genetic factors, nutritional intake, parental care and differences in cultural backgrounds. As for parental care, it will be influenced by age, knowledge, occupation, and the number of children so that the role of parents and family is expected to help the growth and development of their children (Wahyudin, 2012).
Mothers as wives and mothers of their children, mothers have a role to take care of the household, as caregivers and educators of their children, protectors and as a group of their social roles as well as members of the community from their environment, besides that mothers can also act as seekers. additional income in the family, while mothers who do not work are housewives who do not have activities that directly generate money or goods that can mine family income (Rahman, 2009).
The interaction between mother and child is also very much determined by the quality of the togetherness that exists between them. Mothers who work even though they have limited time, but if they are able to make the most of the time spent with their children, the results will be far more optimal than mothers who do not work but are less clever in managing time with their children (Handayani, 2017).
In Muntiani's research (2013), the role of parents, especially mothers, in the development of their children is very important, especially when they are at the age of five. Because at this time children have started to develop their basic abilities.
The interaction between the child and the parents is very beneficial for the development process of the child as a whole. Because parents, especially mothers, can immediately recognize abnormalities from the development process of their children as early as possible and provide stimulation for the overall growth and development of children in four aspects, namely, fine motor skills, gross motor skills, language and independence socialization. The role of mothers in child development is needed to help children achieve optimal growth and development.
The results of the study are supported by Woodya (2018) that there is a significant relationship between the development of pre-school children (3-5 years) and working and non-working mothers. In accordance with the achievement of the goals of King's theory on personal systems, namely growth and development is growth and development which includes cell changes and human behavior. Change usually occurs in an orderly and predictable manner even though the individual is different. Growth and development is also defined as the entire process in a person's life in which he can move from potential to achieve self-actualization.
Midwives together with clients both make the right decisions according to the knowledge that midwives and clients have in order to achieve the desired goals, namely in the form of fine motoric development, gross motor skills, language, and socialization and independence.
In the fine motor development of children, the brain is the most important part, the role of the brain in fine motor movement is in the large brain, namely the frontal lobe in addition to the movement of the frontal lobe is also responsible for solving problems, stimulating creativity and language in general, the development of children with working mothers cannot be achieved if a lack of stimulation and motivation given by parents in training developmental abilities (Ariyanti, 2010).
In addition, the time that should be used to improve children's development has been spent outside the home, namely by working, but this can be overcome if the family, caregiver or person who looks after the child knows information in terms of stimulating child development according to the child's age, both fine motor and motor development. rude, language, or sociable (Lolita, 2015).
According to researchers, the achievement or failure of achieving the task of developing pre-school age children in mothers who do not work depends on how the mother uses her time and attention even to provide stimulation, especially in motor development for her children. All things, if seen from the negative side of mothers who do not work time with their children, cannot be utilized optimally, this is because most of the time they have is used for work. However, if mothers who do not work have more and more time to stimulate development, especially the development of children in speaking and language, then the stage of motor development can be increased. In addition, mothers who do not work are also expected to be able to manage healthy and nutritious food patterns for their children. So that the development of children will be better when compared with working mothers (David, 2016).
Factors that affect the growth and development of children are the result of the interaction of many factors, namely: genetic factors (heredity) and environmental factors. Environmental factors consist of biological environmental factors, physical factors, psychosocial factors as well as family and customs factors (work, father / mother's education, number of siblings, customs and norms). Mother as a family environmental factor that influences growth and development, plays a role in educating children, especially during the toddler years. The role of the mother is divided into three important tasks, namely the mother as satisfying the needs of the child, the mother as a role model or "model" of imitation of the child and as a stimulant for child development. Another role of mothers in supporting children's growth is to provide good food parenting (Soetjiningsih, 2016).
The practice of parenting consists of feeding according to the child's age and ability, the sensitivity of the mother or caregiver to know when the child needs to eat, efforts to grow the child's appetite, and create a good eating situation, such as providing comfort when eating. In addition to eating patterns, giving stimulus by the mother is also important. Stimuli stimulation is useful in the growth and development of organs that are not yet complete at birth, especially the stimuli provided by the mother. In addition, stimulation provided by the mother will enrich the experience and have a big influence on the child's cognitive, visual, verbal and mental development (Latifa, 2017).
The assumption of this research is that the achievement or failure of children's motor development in mothers who do not work depends on how mothers use their time and attention even to provide stimulation, especially on motor development for their children. If seen from the negative things, mothers who do not work time with their children cannot be utilized optimally. This is because most of the time they have is spent taking care of domestic households. However, if the mother who does not work has more time and more time to stimulate development, especially the motor development of children. In addition, mothers who do not work are also expected to be able to manage healthy and nutritious food patterns for their children. So that the development of children will be better when compared with working mothers (Putri, 2012).
Interactions that can maximize children's development are not seen from the quantity (how long we have been with the child) but the quality of the interaction, so that a mother who works and only has a little time with her child has a child with better development than a housewife whose physical body is always there. at home as long as the working mother can be smarter in processing that little time into quality (Hidayati, 2016).
The assumptions of the researchers whether or not to achieve children's motor development in mothers who do not work depend on how mothers use their time and attention even to provide stimulation, especially in motor development for their children. If seen from the negative things, mothers who do not work time with their children cannot be utilized optimally. This is because most of the time they have is spent taking care of domestic households. However, if the mother who does not work has more time and more time to stimulate development, especially the motor development of children. In addition, mothers who do not work are also expected to be able to manage healthy and nutritious food patterns for their children. So that the development of children will be better when compared with working mothers.
The limitations of the study were that it did not fully assess the indicators of children's growth and development, namely fine motor skills, language skills and students' ability to socialize and did not make direct observations of interactions or activities carried out by parents in stimulating children's gross motor skills, especially because at school all learning and playing activities were guided by teachers and not all parents accompany and nurture children in school.

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between the work status of the mother and the fine motoric development of children aged 4-6 years. The attention and time that the mother gives can affect the development of the child because if the mother understands, understands, educates and takes good care of the child, the child's development will also be optimal. Suggestions that need to be given so that parents of children can provide monitoring of child development not only at school but at the parents' house can help stimulate fine motor development and when parents work, the family is expected to help stimulate children according to the child's age when the mother or mother is working. the child's parents are working.Health centers in the local area should routinely monitor the health of students so that they can detect early problems in the pattern of growth and development of PAUD students.

CONFLICT OF INTERST
To avoid conflicts of interest, this research was carried out based on ethical principles, and upholding human dignity, namely before the study asked the mother's consent and adjusted to the condition of PAUD students, explained the research procedures and did not include the names of respondents to maintain confidentiality