Environmental Effects on Health: The Role of Sustainable Environmental Management

Health is an essential part of humans. The surrounding environment is one of the factors that significantly affect health. Therefore, protecting the environment, one of which is through sustainable environmental management, is essential to maintain health. This study aims to see how the influence of the environment on health, as well as the functions and roles of sustainable environmental management in maintaining this environment. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach. The data was obtained from various research results and previous studies relevant to the research content. The results of this study then found that many factors lead to the emergence of diseases and health problems, such as air pollution, water pollution, and an unhealthy environment. Environmental management exists and can play a role in maintaining a sustainable environment. Making this a reality requires strong policy recommendations, close monitoring, and integration of environmental management in the health sector.


INTRODUCTION
A healthy living environment is essential for maintaining and improving human health. Poor environmental conditions can cause various health problems, such as the spread of disease, air pollution, ecosystem damage, and many more. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the influence of the environment on health and the efforts that can be made to manage the environment sustainably (Peters & Halleran, 2021). Many previous studies have shown a close relationship between the environment and human health. Air pollution, for example, has been shown to contribute to an increased risk of respiratory, cardiovascular, and even cancer. In addition, climate change can also affect the pattern of communicable diseases and cause natural disasters that harm human health (Comunian et al., 2020;Alabi et al., 2019).
Currently, the challenges faced by humans related to the environment are increasingly complex. Rapid population growth, urbanization, industrialization, and excessive consumption patterns have increased environmental pressure. In this context, sustainable environmental management is becoming increasingly important to maintain a balance between human needs and environmental sustainability (Yang et al., 2020). Sustainable environmental management refers to efforts to maintain and improve the quality of the environment in a way that does not harm future generations. This approach involves wise management of natural resources, reduced waste and emissions, protected ecosystems, and promoted renewable energy and environmentally friendly use (Roscoe et al., 2019;Alharbi et al., 2018).
In many countries, there have been concrete steps in implementing the principles of sustainable environmental management. Some examples include policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, use renewable energy, more effective waste management, and preserve forest areas and wetlands.
However, implementing sustainable environmental management still needs to be improved (Turkyilmaz et al., 2019;Hunter et al., 2019). In the context of Indonesia, a country with abundant natural resource wealth, environmental and health challenges are becoming increasingly urgent. Increasing urbanization, industrial growth, and high use of fossil energy have caused significant environmental and health problems. Therefore, a deeper understanding is needed about the influence of the environment on health and the role of sustainable environmental management in overcoming this problem (Liu et al., 2022;von Phillpsborn et al., 2019).
A bad environment can harm human health. Air pollution, polluted water, and exposure to hazardous chemicals are environmental problems affecting health. In addition, climate change is also a significant concern because it can trigger the spread of vector diseases and increase the risk of natural disasters. Raising awareness of the importance of sustainable environmental management has driven changes in various sectors (Siddiqua et al., 2022;Prata et al., 2020). Many public and private organizations have adopted environmentally friendly practices and integrated environmental aspects into their policies and operations. However, more research is needed to explore the positive impact of sustainable environmental management on human health (Al-Swidi et al., 2021;Lenzen et al., 2020).
Qualitative literature study research can provide valuable insights into the effects of the environment on health and the role of sustainable environmental management. By exploring related research and literature, this study can identify trends, problems, and challenges in maintaining the balance between the environment and human health. Therefore, this study aims to present a comprehensive analysis of the effects of the environment on health and the importance of sustainable environmental management. Hopefully, this research can contribute to developing policies, practices, and public awareness about the need to maintain a healthy environment for sustainable human health.

Environment
Concern for the environment is an attitude or internal ability to take action on everything around us, choosing decisively among several possibilities. According to Winkel, taking an attitude, staying in a certain attitude, or changing attitudes all play an essential role in human life and are a source of mental energy (González-Gaudiano & Meira-Cartea, 2019). The environment is all external factors that affect a living organism (biotic factors) or non-living variables (abiotic factors), such as temperature, rainfall, length of day, wind, and ocean currents. According to Law no. 23 of 1997 concerning Environmental Management in Article 1 paragraph (1), "a living environment is a spatial unit with all objects, power, circumstances, and living things, including humans, and their behavior, which affects the continuity of life and the welfare of humans and other living things" (Colsoul et al., 2021).
According to Munadjat Danusaputra, the environment is all objects and conditions, including humans and their behavior, which are contained in the space where humans are and affect the survival and well-being of humans and other living organisms. Meanwhile, according to Soemarwoto, the environment is the sum of all the conditions in our space that affect our lives (Mellor et al., 2020). According to Arianto, an environment is a spatial unit with all objects, states, and living things, including humans and their behavior, which affect the continuity of life and the welfare of other living things. In this environment, humans try to achieve and increase prosperity (Surya et al., 2020).
Efforts to grow and increase concern for the environment require the role of reliance and information. After relying on the information, what is needed is to change a positive attitude toward increasing environmental awareness. If an attitude has been formed, it will lead to appropriate actions and support efforts to increase environmental awareness. The development of environmental awareness requires the inculcation of environmental awareness values, which should be instilled in children who are still in elementary school (SD) to senior high school (SMA) (Zhang et al., 2022).
So that it will shape student behavior as well as being able to create further curiosity in students. Concern requires a willingness to actively pay attention to and participate in an activity in environmental management. Awareness of the importance and need for environmental management, both arising from education, training, giving awards, stimulation, encouragement, information, and information that is continuously provided, is thus expected to foster concern for the environment and play an active role in carrying out activities to preserve the surrounding environment (Amerstorfer & Freiin von Münster-Kistner, 2021).
The environment of various global events has affected the quality of life of all citizens of the world. We need to interpret the physical, biological, and social environment as more important because significant changes occur rapidly in our environment. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate environmental concerns at all levels, national or international planning to become more real and ever implemented. Increasing environmental awareness must be directed to reach all wider layers (Mofijur et al., 2021). Therefore, the availability of information relating to the preservation of natural resources and the environment is developed and expanded so that people's knowledge and awareness about the environment can be further increased. From the various statements above, it can be concluded that environmental awareness is an attitude of taking action on everything around us that affects the continuity of life and well-being by cultivating trust and willingness to pay attention actively and participate in an activity (Jabbour et al., 2020). According to Presidential Instruction No. 1 of 2010, character education it is stated about the description of caring for the environment as "attitudes and actions that always try to prevent damage to the surrounding natural environment and develop efforts to repair the damage to nature that has already occurred" (Czyżewski et al., 2022).

Environmental Management
Environmental management consists of two root words, namely management, and environment. Management is cooperation between two or more people through comprehensive activities to achieve goals. According to Assauri, management is an activity or effort carried out to achieve goals by using or coordinating the activities of other people (Can et al., 2021). According to Massie and Douglas, management is when a group works together, directing others to work towards the same goal. Meanwhile, according to Scanlan and Key, management coordinates and integrates all sources, humans, facilities, and other technical resources to achieve specific goals (Lazarus et al., 2022).
The environment is generally defined as everything outside human beings related to human life. An environment is a spatial unit with all objects, forces, conditions, and living things, including humans and their behavior. Based on the description above, it can be concluded that environmental management is a comprehensive activity that includes planning, implementation of activities, observation/monitoring to prevent water pollution, soil, air, and habitat, and biodiversity conservation (Totaforti, 2020).
According to George R. Terry, there are four management functions in the world of management known as POAC: planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling.

a) Planning
Planning is the basic function (fundamental) of management because organizing, directing, coordinating, and controlling must also be planned. In environmental management, this stage must also go through planning in the form of determining the initial steps that will enable the organization to achieve a goal also concerning the efforts made to anticipate trends in the future; and determining an appropriate strategy or tactic to realize the target objectives of an organization (Sony & Naik, 2020).

b) Organizing
Organizing means creating a structure with integrated parts so that the relationship to the whole binds their relationship to each other. Organizing is undoubtedly different from organization. Organizing is a management function and a dynamic process, while organization is a static tool or container. Organizing can be interpreted as determining the jobs that must be done, grouping tasks, and distributing them (Paolini et al., 2019).

c) Actuating
After the task delegation process is carried out, the implementation (actuating) stage follows. At this stage, each component works according to the division of their respective tasks following the plan that has been made. According to Terry, actuating stimulates group members to carry out tasks with enthusiasm and goodwill. According to Hoy and Miskel, effective leaders tend to have supportive relationships with supportive subordinates and increase selfconfidence in using groups to make decisions. The effectiveness of leadership shows the achievement of tasks on average progress, work decisions, work morale, and the contribution of work form (Malburg et al., 2023).

d) Supervision (controlling)
Franklin G. Moove defines supervision as actions related to improvement activities. In this case, supervision activities can take the form of checking, checking, and efforts to prevent errors that may occur, so that corrective measures can be taken if there is a deviation or irregularity. George R. Terry defines supervision as a follow-up activity concerned with identifying program implementations that must follow the plan. The basic principle that makes the key to the monitoring system is feedback. In another sense, Sondang Siagian defines supervision as observing and implementing all organizational activities to ensure that all work goes according to the plans set (AlOmar et al., 2021).

METHODS
The method used in this research is qualitative research literature study. Qualitative research is used to deeply understand complex phenomena and the complex relationship between the environment and health. This method allows researchers to analyze qualitative data from textual sources such as scientific journals, articles, books, and previous research reports. The research process begins by collecting various literature relevant to the research topic, especially those related to the influence of the environment on health and the role of sustainable environmental management. These literature sources will be analyzed critically to identify findings and perspectives related to the research. The data obtained from this literature study will be used as a basis for building a theoretical framework and conducting an in-depth analysis of the effects of the environment on health and the role of sustainable environmental management (Jaya, 2020).

Environmental Influence on Health
The impact of air pollution on human health, such as increasing the risk of respiratory, cardiovascular, and immune system disorders. Air pollution is a significant global problem and harms human health. Research shows that exposure to air pollution can increase the risk of developing respiratory diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, and upper respiratory tract infections. In addition, air pollution is also associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including coronary heart disease and stroke. The human immune system can also be disrupted due to exposure to air pollution which can trigger various disorders and diseases.
The health effects of water pollution include the spread of disease through polluted water and the long-term effects of exposure to hazardous chemicals. Water pollution is a severe threat to human health. Polluted water contains disease pathogens and harmful chemicals that can cause various health problems. Exposure to pathogenic microorganisms in polluted water can cause diseases through the waterways, such as diarrhea, cholera, and parasitic infections. The long-term effects of exposure to harmful chemicals in water, such as heavy metals and pesticides, can cause nervous system disorders, hormonal problems, and developmental problems in humans.
The role of the physical environment, such as parks and green open spaces, improves human mental and physical health. A healthy and natural physical environment has a positive impact on human health. Parks and green open spaces provide opportunities for physical activity, reduce stress, and improve mental health. Research has shown that good access to natural environments can reduce the risk of mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety. In addition, contact with nature can improve human physical health and reduce the risk of obesity, heart disease, and high blood pressure.
The link between climate change and human health includes increased risk of infectious diseases and mental health impacts from natural disasters. Climate change is contributing to increased human health risks. Increases in global temperatures can affect the spread of infectious diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, and vector-borne diseases. In addition, climate change can also trigger natural disasters such as floods, droughts, and storms, which seriously impact human mental and physical health. These natural disasters can cause lasting trauma, stress, and mental health problems.
By understanding the impact of air pollution, water pollution, the role of the physical environment, and the relationship with climate change on human health, we can realize the importance of efforts to protect the environment to maintain human health. Actions needed include controlling air pollution, managing water, preserving a green physical environment, and mitigating and adapting to climate change. This effort must involve all parties, including the government, the industrial sector, society, and individuals, to achieve a healthy environment and optimal health.

The
Importance of Sustainable Environmental Management Implement sustainable environmental management policies and practices within the industrial sector to reduce emissions and waste and promote the efficient use of resources. The industrial sector has an essential role in maintaining environmental sustainability. Implementing sustainable environmental management policies and practices in the industrial sector is crucial in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, managing waste efficiently, and implementing efficient use of resources. In this case, companies can adopt environmentally friendly technologies, promote recycling, and optimize energy and raw materials to reduce the environmental's negative impact.
The critical role of education and public awareness in supporting sustainable environmental management and the adoption of environmentally friendly behavior. Public education and awareness are central to creating change toward sustainable environmental management. Through education and awareness campaigns, people can understand the importance of protecting the environment, the consequences of behavior that damage the environment, and the long-term benefits of adopting environmentally friendly behavior. This approach can involve public information campaigns, training, and the inclusion of environmental concepts in the education curriculum. With increased knowledge and awareness, society can proactively support sustainable environmental management.
Use of renewable energy and reduced fossil energy to mitigate negative environmental and human health impacts. The transition to renewable energy is a key element in sustainable environmental management. Utilization of renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and biomass power, can reduce dependence on fossil energy which contributes to climate change and air pollution. In addition, reducing the use of fossil energy also positively impacts human health by reducing exposure to pollutants and improving air quality. Achieving this will require investment in renewable energy infrastructure, the development of new technologies, and incentives to encourage the shift away from fossil energy.
The need for collaboration between the government, the private sector, and the community in developing innovative solutions for sustainable environmental management. Complex environmental challenges require strong collaboration between various stakeholders. Governments, the private sector, and communities must collaborate to develop innovative solutions for sustainable environmental management. This collaboration can involve the formation of supportive policies, cooperation in research and technology development, and active participation of the community in environmental decision-making. A comprehensive framework can be created through synergistic collaboration to achieve sustainable environmental management.
Implementing sustainable environmental management is crucial for protecting the environment and has a significant impact on human health and societal well-being. By implementing sustainable environmental management policies and practices in the industrial sector, we can reduce negative environmental impacts and promote efficient use of resources. Also, through education and public awareness, we can create behavior changes that support the environment. The transition to renewable energy is also crucial in reducing environmental impact and improving human health. Finally, a collaboration between the government, private sector, and society is needed to develop innovative solutions for sustainable environmental management. With these steps, we can create a better world for future generations, where environmental health and sustainability are top priorities.

Analysis of Environmental Influence on Health
In assessing the effects of the environment on human health, it is crucial to conduct a critical review of previous research and findings. By analyzing previously conducted studies, we can understand the available evidence, the weaknesses, and strengths of the methodology used, as well as the consistency of the findings obtained. This allows us to construct a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of the environment on human health. In analyzing the influence of the environment on health, it is essential to identify the environmental factors that have a significant influence. For example, air pollution, polluted water, exposure to hazardous chemicals, climate change, and the quality of the physical environment such as parks and green open spaces. By identifying these factors, we can understand the environmental aspects that impact human health.
After identifying the influential environmental factors, explaining the biological or social mechanisms that link the environment to human health is essential. For example, the increased risk of respiratory disease from air pollution can be explained by exposure to harmful particles that enter the respiratory tract and impair lung function. In addition, the existence of parks and green open spaces can improve human mental and physical health through relaxation, stress reduction, and increased physical activity. In analyzing environmental influences on health, it is crucial to evaluate the level of risk and impact of various environmental factors. For example, epidemiological studies can be conducted to determine the relationship between exposure to air pollution and the risk of respiratory disease. In addition, a risk analysis can be carried out to identify the potential longterm impact of exposure to hazardous chemicals on human health. By carrying out this evaluation, we can better understand the level of risk and the importance of action to protect human health.
In analyzing environmental influences on health, paying attention to the related social and economic aspects is essential. Factors such as socioeconomic status, access to health services, and environmental disparities can influence the extent to which a person is exposed to a potentially hazardous environment and has access to prevention and treatment. Understanding these aspects helps us identify vulnerable populations and design appropriate interventions to protect their health. Then it is also essential to evaluate the role of policies and regulations in reducing negative environmental impacts on human health. Effective policies and strict regulations can help reduce pollutant emissions, limit exposure to hazardous chemicals, and promote sustainable environmental practices. Thus, policies and regulations become essential in protecting human health from the adverse effects of the environment.
In addition to evaluating the short-term impact, it is also essential to consider the long-term impact of environmental exposures on human health. For example, exposure to polluted water can cause long-term illnesses such as heavy metal poisoning or chronic infectious diseases. In addition, climate change can have significant long-term impacts, including an increased risk of communicable diseases and ongoing mental health problems resulting from natural disasters. Analysis of the influence of the environment on health also has important implications for prevention and health interventions. By understanding environmental influences, we can design effective programs to reduce risks and negative impacts on human health. For example, stricter air quality monitoring and the use of renewable energy could be necessary preventative measures. In addition, by understanding the environmental factors contributing to health, we can develop more effective interventions to improve people's quality of life and well-being.
In analyzing environmental influences on health, it is essential to identify research challenges and gaps that must be addressed. For example, there are still areas of research that are not well studied, such as the influence of the environment on non-infectious chronic diseases. In addition, more in-depth analysis is needed to understand the mechanisms and interactions between different environmental factors and the complexity of their combined effects on human health. Identifying these challenges and gaps can form the foundation for future research. The importance of collaboration between sectors in maintaining environmental and human health. In discussing the influence of the environment on health, it is also necessary to emphasize the importance of collaboration between sectors in maintaining environmental and human health. Collaboration between government, private sector, academia, and civil society is needed to formulate and implement sustainable environmental policies and practices. This collaboration can create synergies to achieve common goals in protecting human health and maintaining environmental sustainability.
Analysis of environmental influences on health also encourages adopting a cross-disciplinary approach. Integrating knowledge from multiple disciplines, such as environmental science, public health, social sciences, and biology, is essential to understand the complex relationship between the environment and human health. The crossdisciplinary approach allows us to examine this issue from multiple perspectives and develop a holistic and comprehensive solution. In discussing the influence of the environment on health, it is crucial to underscore the need for further expansion of this understanding. Technological developments and more advanced research methodologies can provide new insights into the effects of the environment on human health. In addition, continuous monitoring of the environment and human health and strong collaboration between researchers and practitioners will play an important role in broadening our understanding of the complexity and impact of environmental influences on human health.
By discussing the effects of the environment on human health, including the effects of air pollution, water pollution, the role of the physical environment, and the relationship to climate change, we can gain a better insight into the importance of maintaining a healthy environment for human health. In addition, this understanding can become the basis for developing sustainable environmental management policies and practices, increasing public awareness, and involving various parties in efforts to preserve the environment and human health.

The Role of Sustainable Environmental Management in Improving Health
Sustainable environmental management strategies and practices can contribute significantly to improving human health. One effective strategy is the reduction of emissions and waste in the industrial sector. One can reduce exposure to harmful pollutants and enhance air quality by implementing environmentally friendly technologies and promoting resource efficiency. This can reduce the risk of respiratory, cardiovascular, and immune system disorders caused by air pollution. Case studies on implementing sustainable environmental management in certain industrial sectors or communities can provide a concrete understanding of the impact on human health. For example, using environmentally friendly technologies and reducing the use of hazardous chemicals in the industry can reduce the risk of poisoning and diseases related to chemical exposure. In communities implementing effective waste management practices, it can reduce the spread of disease through polluted water and provide better access to clean water.
Integrating environmental management within the health sector is essential in promoting environmental sustainability and safety. The health sector can set an example of sustainable environmental management practices through proper medical waste management, reduced use of hazardous chemicals, and use of renewable energy. In addition, the health sector can also play a role in making the public aware of the relationship between the environment and health, as well as providing education about healthy and environmentally friendly living practices. Implementation of sustainable environmental management can bring long-term benefits to human health. By paying attention to sustainability in the use of resources, reducing emissions, and preventing pollution, we can create a healthier environment for future generations. This positive impact can be seen in the reduction in the number of diseases related to the environment and the increase in the welfare of society as a whole.
In practicing sustainable environmental management, involving all relevant stakeholders, including government, private sector, community and health sector, is essential. This collaboration is vital for forging common agreements, sharing knowledge and resources, and strengthening action in addressing environmental and health challenges. Synergies between various parties can result in innovative solutions and more effective implementation. One of the critical practices in sustainable environmental management is using renewable energy. Replacing fossil energy sources with renewable energy can reduce the negative impact on the environment and human health. Renewable energy, such as solar and wind power can reduce greenhouse gas emissions contributing to climate change. In the long term, this could reduce the risk of communicable diseases and the mental health impact of natural disasters linked to climate change.
In sustainable environmental management, adopting a lifecycle-based approach is essential. This approach involves holistic thinking that considers all stages of a product or service's life cycle, from production to disposal. Paying attention to aspects such as raw materials, processing, use, and disposal can reduce the negative impact on the environment and human health. Implementation of sustainable environmental management can also provide long-term economic benefits. The industrial sector can save on operational costs by adopting resource efficiency practices, reducing waste, and using renewable energy. In addition, promoting environmentally friendly products and services can also increase market attractiveness and consumer confidence, providing sustainable economic benefits for companies.
To improve health through sustainable environmental management, it is essential to involve the community actively. Public education and awareness about the importance of a healthy environment and environmentally friendly behavior can bring positive change. A culture that supports sustainable environmental management can be created through extension campaigns, training, and community participation in environmental decision-making. The critical role of government in creating policies that support sustainable environmental management cannot be ignored. In facing environmental and health challenges, governments are responsible for developing regulations that promote environmentally friendly practices, provide incentives for innovation, and protect public health. In addition, the government can also play a role in facilitating collaboration between the public and private sectors, as well as building capacity to implement sustainable environmental management.
One can improve human health by implementing sustainable environmental management practices and strategies by reducing environmental risks and promoting healthy and environmentally friendly lifestyles. Collaboration between various stakeholders, adoption of renewable energy, lifecycle-based approach, and active participation of society and government are essential steps in achieving this goal. We can create a healthier and more sustainable environment for future generations through joint efforts. In addition to regulations, it is also essential to strengthen oversight of implementing sustainable environmental management practices. Strict oversight can ensure that companies and organizations comply with set environmental standards and adopt environmentally friendly practices to protect human health. In the context of environmental management practices, companies have a significant role. Companies must understand the importance of adopting sustainable environmental management practices to protect human health and maintain business continuity.

Implications
In implementing sustainable environmental management practices, companies must consider the impact on their reputation and business sustainability. Responsible practices towards the environment and human health can enhance a company's image and build good relationships with consumers and other stakeholders. Policy recommendations must be considered to provide incentives for companies that implement sustainable environmental management practices. Incentives such as fiscal incentives or financial support can encourage companies to invest in sustainable practices and accelerate positive changes in environmental management practices.
Public education and awareness are essential factors in promoting sustainable environmental management practices. Policies should include educational programs and awareness campaigns to increase public understanding of the importance of a healthy environment and environmentally friendly practices. Implementing sustainable environmental management policies and practices also requires government, companies, and communities collaboration. Cooperation between the public and private sectors and active community participation can produce innovative solutions and bridge the gap between policy and practice.
It is essential to integrate environmental management aspects within the health sector.
Environmental management policies and practices should be integral to health care systems and disease prevention programs. This will strengthen the relationship between the environment and human health holistically. Finally, continuous evaluation of sustainable environmental management policies and practices is necessary to ensure their effectiveness. This evaluation may involve measuring environmental impact, compliance analysis, and feedback from the community and other stakeholders. A good evaluation can better understand policies and practices' performance, enabling continuous improvement.
By implementing policy recommendations, strengthening oversight, the role of companies, and collaboration across sectors, sustainable environmental management can play a significant role in improving human health and protecting the environment.

CONCLUSION
The environment has a significant influence on human health. Air pollution, water pollution, the role of the physical environment, and climate change can increase the risk of various diseases and health problems. Therefore, sustainable environmental management is crucial in improving human health and maintaining environmental sustainability. Sustainable environmental management practices and policies are essential in implementing strategies that reduce emissions, promote the efficient use of resources, and consider long-term impacts on human health. In addition, public education and awareness play an essential role in supporting the adoption of environmentally friendly behavior. Cross-sectoral collaboration between government, private sector, and communities is also key in developing innovative solutions for sustainable environmental management. Strong policy recommendations, strict supervision, and integration of environmental management in the health sector are needed to improve human health and protect the environment. Companies also have an essential role in implementing sustainable environmental management practices and paying attention to their impact on reputation and business continuity. With the joint efforts of governments, companies, communities, and the health sector, we can achieve a better environment, optimal health, and sustainable sustainability for future generations.