The Effectiveness of the 'Create' Trigger Model to Improve Open Defecation Free Behavior
Abstract
Although strongly associated with child mortality, many households still do not have safe sanitation facilities. Community-Based Total Sanitation (CLTS) promotes the construction of latrines to eradicate open defecation. However, several factors have been reported to hinder the process of effective behavior change and sustainability. This study analyzes the effectiveness of the CREATE model in improving ODF behavior compared to the classical. The trial was conducted in three villages in three districts. Sixty households were involved from each village (N=180), divided into the CREATE group and the classical model as a control. Data were analyzed with a Chi-square test followed by Crude OR. The results showed that most CREATE groups' education was a maximum of elementary school graduates (48.9%) and worked as own-account workers (56.7%). The classical group dominantly graduated from junior high school (52.2%), and 31.1% did not work. Overall (N=180), the application of the CREATE model showed a significant effect on changes in ODF behavior (p-value less than 0.01), with a probability 4.7 (2.5 - 8.9) times greater. Research has proven that the CREATE model can change ODF behavior better than the classical model. Investigation of the psychosocial determinants of CLTS in both models was suggested in a longitudinal design.
Abstrak: Meskipun sangat terkait dengan kematian anak, banyak rumah tangga yang masih belum memiliki fasilitas sanitasi yang aman. Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat (CLTS) mempromosikan pembangunan jamban untuk memberantas buang air besar sembarangan (ODF). Namun, beberapa faktor telah dilaporkan menghambat proses perubahan perilaku yang efektif dan keberlanjutannya. Penelitian ini menganalisa efektivitas model CREATE untuk meningkatkan perilaku ODF dibandingkan dengan model klasik. Uji coba dilakukan di tiga desa dari tiga kecamatan. Enam puluh rumah tangga yang terlibat dari setiap desa (N=180), dibagi menjadi kelompok CREATE dan model klasik sebagai kontrol. Data dianalisis dengan uji Chi-square dilanjutkan dengan Crude OR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar pendidikan kelompok CREATE maksimal lulusan SD (48,9%) dan bekerja sebagai wiraswasta (56,7%). Kelompok klasik dominan tamat SMP (52,2%), dan 31,1% ditemukan tidak bekerja. Secara keseluruhan (N=180), penerapan model CREATE menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap perubahan perilaku ODF (p-value kurang dari 0,01), dengan probabilitas 4,7 (2,5 - 8,9) kali lebih besar. Penelitian telah membuktikan bahwa model CREATE dapat mengubah perilaku ODF lebih baik daripada model klasik. Investigasi determinan psikososial CLTS pada kedua model disarankan dalam desain longitudinal.
Keywords
References
Adisasmito, W. (2007). Faktor Risiko Diare pada Bayi dan Balita di Indonesia. Jurnal Makara Kesehatan, 11(1), 1–10.
Agtini, M. D. (2011). Diarrhea Morbidity and Mortality in Toddlers in Indonesia 2000-2007. Ministry of Health, 2(2), 26–32.
Ahyanti, M., Rosita, Y., & Yushananta, P. (2020). Utilisation of the family latrine post declaration ODF. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 13(2), 192–204.
Arfiah, A., Patmawati, P., & Afriani, A. (2019). Gambaran Pelaksanaan Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat (STBM) Di Desa Padang Timur Kecamatan Campalagian Kabupaten Polewali Mandar. J-KESMAS: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 4(2), 113. https://doi.org/10.35329/jkesmas.v4i2.253
Asyafah, A. (2019). Menimbang Model Pembelajaran (Kajian Teoretis-Kritis atas Model Pembelajaran dalam Pendidikan Islam). TARBAWY : Indonesian Journal of Islamic Education, 6(1), 19–32. https://doi.org/10.17509/t.v6i1.20569
BAPENAS. (2019). Roadmap of SDGs Indonesia Towards 2030.
Chambers, R. (2009). Going to Scale with Community-Led Total Sanitation: Reflections on Experience, Issues and Ways Forward. IDS Practice Papers, 2009(1), 01–50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2040-0225.2009.00001_2.x
Coffey, D., Geruso, M., & Spears, D. (2018). Sanitation, Disease Externalities and Anaemia: Evidence From Nepal. The Economic Journal, 128(611), 1395–1432. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12491
Donoghue, D., & Kamau, M. (2015). United Nations Summit for the adoption of the Post-2015 development agenda, The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, 2015. Retrieved from United Nations website: https://www.un.org/en/ga/president/69/pdf/letters/20150812-post2015dev.pdf
Edam, N. S., Sofia Pangemanan, & Kairupan, J. (2018). Efektivitas Program Cerdas Command Center Sebagai Media Informasi Masyarakat Dalam Rangka Pelayanan Publik. Eksekuif: Jurnal Jurusan Ilmu Pemerintah, 1(1), 1–10.
Ekasulistyawaty, Syafar, M., Daud, A., Arsunan Arsin, A., Mallongi, A., & Werdyaningsih, E. (2020). Change of behavior of ODF through STBM Program in Cempaka Putih Village North Gorontalo Regency. Enfermería Clínica, 30, 396–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.10.108
Fatmawati, A. (2016). Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Konsep Pencemaran Lingkungan Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Berdasarkan Masalah Untuk SMA Kelas X. Edu Sains, 4(2), 94–103.
Gebremariam, B., Hagos, G., & Abay, M. (2018). Assessment of community led total sanitation and hygiene approach on improvement of latrine utilization in Laelay Maichew District, North Ethiopia. A comparative cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE, 13(9), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203458
Hutton, G. (2013). Global costs and benefits of reaching universal coverage of sanitation and drinking-water supply. Journal of Water and Health, 11(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2012.105
Hutton, G., Haller, L., & Bartram, J. (2007). Global cost-benefit analysis of water supply and sanitation interventions. Journal of Water and Health, 5(4), 481–501. https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2007.009
Hutton, G., Rodriguez, U. P., Winara, A., Viet-Anh, N., Phyrum, K., Chuan, L., … Weitz, A. (2014). Economic efficiency of sanitation interventions in Southeast Asia. Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 4(1), 23–36. https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2013.158
Julian, T. R. (2016). Environmental transmission of diarrheal pathogens in low and middle income countries. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, 18(8), 944–955. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6EM00222F
Kasjono, H. S. (2021). Model Pemicu “Create” Dalam Upaya Pemberdayaan Masyarakat di Bidang Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat (STBM) (1st ed.). Yogyakarta: Goysesn Publishing.
Kemenkes RI. Permenkes RI No 3 tahun 2014 Tentang Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat. , Kemenkes RI § (2014).
Kemenkes RI. (2016). Pedoman Pelaksanaan Pemicuan Desa. In Direktorat Kesehatan Lingkungan Kementerian Kesehatan dan Millenium Challenge Account Indonesia (1st ed.). Jakarta: Kemenkes RI.
Kemenkes RI. (2019). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2019. In Kemenkes RI (Vol. 53).
Mlenga, D. H., & Baraki, Y. A. (2016). Community led total sanitation for community based disaster risk reduction: A case for non-input humanitarian relief. Jamba: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, 8(2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v8i2.183
Nieveen, N. (1999). Prototyping to Reach Product Quality. In Design Approaches and Tools in Education and Training (pp. 125–135). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4255-7_10
Pickering, A. J., Ercumen, A., Arnold, B. F., Kwong, L. H., Parvez, S. M., Alam, M., … Luby, S. P. (2018). Fecal Indicator Bacteria along Multiple Environmental Transmission Pathways (Water, Hands, Food, Soil, Flies) and Subsequent Child Diarrhea in Rural Bangladesh [Research-article]. Environmental Science & Technology, 52(14), 7928–7936. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b00928
Purwanti, S., Arundina, A., & Yanti, S. N. (2015). Perilaku Mencuci Tangan terhadap Angka Koloni Kuman pada Penjamah Makanan di Kantin Universitas Tanjungpura. Jurnal Vokasi Kesehatan, 1(2), 64–69.
Root, G. P. M. (2001). Sanitation, Community Environments, and Childhood Diarrhoea in Rural Zimbabwe. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 19(2), 73–82.
Sanyaolu, A., Okorie, C., Marinkovic, A., Jaferi, U., & Prakash, S. (2020). Global Epidemiology and Management of Acute Diarrhea in Children from Developing Countries. Ann Pediatr Child Health, 8(8), 1205.
Tessema, R. A. (2017). Assessment of the implementation of community-led total sanitation, hygiene, and associated factors in Diretiyara district, Eastern Ethiopia. PLOS ONE, 12(4), e0175233. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175233
Ugboko, H. U., Nwinyi, O. C., Oranusi, S. U., & Oyewale, J. O. (2020). Childhood diarrhoeal diseases in developing countries. Heliyon, 6(4), e03690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03690
UNICEF. (2020). Diarrhoea. Retrieved January 26, 2021, from UNICEF website: https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-health/diarrhoeal-disease/
WHO UNICEF. (2017). Progress on Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: 2017 Update and SDG Baselines.
Yushananta, P. (2018). The Incidence of Diarrhea in Babies Affected through the Cleanliness of Eating Utensils and Hands. Journal of Medical Science And Clinical Research, 6(9). https://doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i9.137
Yushananta, P., Ahyanti, M., & Hasan, A. (2018). Community Based Total Sanitation in Muara Putih Village, Natar District, Pesawaran Regency. Sakai Sambayan: Journal of of Community Service, 2(2), 76. https://doi.org/10.23960/jss.v2i2.79
Yushananta, P., Ahyanti, M., Usman, S., Murwanto, B., & Sujito, E. (2021). Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dalam Perubahan Perilaku Buang Air Besar Sembarangan. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pengabdian Masyarakat, 4(2), 134–141. https://doi.org/10.24903/jam.v5i2.1256
Yushananta, P., & Bakri, S. (2021). Analysis for Increasing Access to Safe Drinking Water and Healthy Sanitation Using a Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) Approach. Jurnal Kesehatan, 12(2), 306. https://doi.org/10.26630/jk.v12i2.1855
Article Statistic
Abstract view : 153 timesPDF (Bahasa Indonesia) views : 75 times
Dimensions Metrics
How To Cite This :
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2022 Heru Subaris Kasjono, Khambali Khambali, Krisdiyanta Krisdiyanta, Agus Kharmayana Rubaya, Prayudhy Yushananta
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Email this article 
