EFFECTIVENESS OF THE QODU METHOD IN ENHANCING TUBERCULOSIS PROGRAM PLANNING AT PRIMARY HEALTH CENTERS
Abstract
The success of tuberculosis (TB) control is strongly determined by effective program planning at the primary healthcare level. The 2020–2024 National TB Control Strategy applies a People-Centered Framework (PCF), however, planning methods such as USG, FGD, CARL, and SWOT are often considered complex. This study evaluated the Quadrant of Difficulty–Usefulness (QoDU) method as a simpler and more practical alternative for prioritizing TB programs. A quasi-experimental quantitative design with a pre–post test approach was applied to 34 TB program officers at primary health centers in Jombang Regency, with data analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test.
Findings indicated significant improvements across nearly all QoDU variables (p<0.005). Median scores for reliability rose from 6 to 8, response time from 6 to 7, usability from 6 to 8, and ease of understanding from 6 to 8. Other aspects such as completeness, relevance, personalization, and security also improved significantly (p=0.000–0.002). Service elements, including assurance, empathy, and responsiveness, showed notable progress. From the user perspective, satisfaction, willingness to reuse, and overall experience increased. Efficiency gains included cost savings, wider coverage, and time efficiency.
In conclusion, QoDU proved easier, faster, more efficient, and generated better-quality data than conventional methods. It shows strong potential for broader application in health programs and, with digitalization, may enhance planning effectiveness and accelerate TB elimination efforts.
Keywords
References
Alfatafta, M., Alsubahi, N., Alfatafta, H., Alshawabka, A., McGarry, A., Ahmad, A., Derkacs, E., Varga, D., & Molics, B. (2025). Assessing service quality and its impact on patient experience and satisfaction in prosthetics and orthotics: a SERVQUAL-based cross-sectional study. BMC Health Services Research, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-13172-z
Bravo, F., Braun, M., Farias, V., Levi, R., Lynch, C., Tumolo, J., & Whyte, R. (2021). Optimization-driven framework to understand health care network costs and resource allocation. Health Care Management Science, 24(3), 640–660. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10729-021-09565-1
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
DeLone, W. H., & McLean, E. R. (2003). The DeLone and McLean model of information systems success: A ten-year update. Journal of Management Information Systems, 19(4), 9–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2003.11045748
Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Jombang. (2023). Profil Kesehatan tahun 2023.
Hardjito, K., Rahmaningtyas, I., & Nugroho, H. S. W. (2023). Selection of Prioritized Healthy Family Indicators, Using the Difficulty-Usefulness Pyramid (DUP). Rawal Medical Journal, 48(1), 168–172. https://doi.org/10.5455/rmj20221121013304
Ika, R., Puspitasari, S., Mercado, M. A., Santoso, H., Nugroho, W., Hendriana, A., & Ca, N. (2022). Difficulty-Usefulness Pyramid ( DUP ) as a Method of Selecting Priority Elements in the Use of Long-Term Contraceptive Methods 168 | Publisher : Humanistic Network for Science and Technology Health Notions. Health Notions, 6(4), 168–174.
Kemenkes, R. (2023). Laporan Program Penanggulangan Tuberkulosis Tahun 2022. In Kemenkes RI. https://tbindonesia.or.id/pustaka_tbc/laporan-tahunan-program-tbc-2021/
Kemenkes RI. (2020). Strategi Nasional Penanggulangan Tuberkulosis di Indonesia 2020-2024. Pertemuan Konsolidasi Nasional Penyusunan STRANAS TB, 135.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2024). Laporan Program Penanggulangan TBC 2023.
Lee, K.-M., Ko, H.-J., Lee, G. H., Kim, Y.-A., Jung, S.-P., & Kim, A.-S. (2022). Evaluation of a Follow-Up Health Consultation Program for Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea: Using the Context–Input–Process–Product Model. In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (Vol. 19, Issue 13). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137996
May, I. P. A., & Fanida, E. H. (2022). Analisis Efektivitas Aplikasi Wargaku Surabaya Dalam Menunjang Pelayanan Publik Masyarakat Kota Surabaya. Publika, 1553–1568. https://doi.org/10.26740/publika.v11n1.p1553-1568
Mayditania, C. (2023). Implementasi Kebijakan Program Penanggulangan Tuberkulosis Pada Puskesmas Di Indonesia: Literature Review. Journals of Ners Community, 13(1), 55–64. https://journal.unigres.ac.id/index.php/JNC/article/view/2552/1848
Novianus, C., Khusaini, F., Azzahra, T. R., Nurseha, N. L., & Ratna Winaon. (2023). Identifikasi dan Sosialisasi Prioritas Masalah Kesehatan pada Masyarakat RW 02 Kelurahan Pondok Jaya Kota Tnggerang Selatan. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Fisioterapi Dan Kesehatan Indonesia, 2(1), 1–9.
Nugroho, H. S. W., Handoyo, Prayitno, H., & Budiono, A. (2019). Sort elements based on priority, in order to improve the quality of e-learning in health using difficulty-usefulness pyramid with weighting (DUP-We). International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 14(18), 186–193. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v14i18.10809
Nugroho, H. S. W., Sillehu, S., Handoyo, Suparji, Sunarto, Subagyo, Sunarko, B., & Bahtiar. (2018). Difficultness-usefulness pyramid (Dup) as new method to select elements prioritized in management of e-learning in health. Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development, 9(2), 206–211. https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2018.00120.1
Rabiei, K., Kelishadi, R., Sarrafzadegan, N., Abedi, H. A., Alavi, M., Heidari, K., Bahonar, A., Boshtam, M., Zare, K., & Sadeghi, S. (2009). Process evaluation of a community-based program for prevention and control of non-communicable disease in a developing country: The Isfahan Healthy Heart Program, Iran. BMC Public Health, 9, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-9-57
Rizalina, Sari, A. N., Sawitri, E., & Deby, E. (2025). ANALISIS SWOT PENGGUNAAN SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN. 4307(August), 4448–4450.
Santoso, H., Nugroho, W., Suparji, S., & Sunarto, S. (2020). Quadrant of Difficulty-Usefulness ( QoDU ) as New Method in Preparing for Improvement of E- learning in Health College Quadrant of Difficulty-Usefulness ( QoDU ) as New Method in Preparing for Improvement of E-learning in Health College. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S268814
Solihah, R. (2020). Perencanaan Partisipatif Dalam Program Citarum Harum. Jurnal Kumawula, 3(1), 29–47.
Solikha, D. A., Butler, D. C., Setiawan, E., Korda, R. J., & Kelly, M. (2025). Primary health care performance measurement at the service delivery level in Indonesia: a scoping review. BMC Health Services Research, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-12955-8
Sukartini, B., Zakaria, A., Sutedja, A. A., & Mawarti, H. (2024). Prioritization of Problems in Public Health Programme Planning Using The Difficulty Usefulness Method : Scoping Review. 15(3), 396–406.
Sunarto, S., Nugroho, H., Suparji, S., & Santosa, B. (2024). Quadrant of difficulty and usefulness for prioritizing community-based disaster preparedness parameter elements. Rawal Medical Journal, 49(1), 172. https://doi.org/10.5455/rmj.20230918043333
Wara, L. S., Kalangi, L., & Gamaliel, H. (2021). Testing the Success Model of the Delone and Mclean Information Systems on the Examination Application System (SIAP)at the Supreme Audit Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Representative for North Sulawesi Province. Journal of Accounting and Auditing Research, 12(1), 1–15. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/goodwill/article/view/31885
WHO. (2024). 2024 Global tuberculosis report.
Zoschke, I. N., Betancur, A., Ehsan, S., TenHaken, J. D., Rahman, J. R., King-Tezino, K., Kramer-Najjar, M., Bravo, C. A., & Wilkerson, J. M. (2024). SWOT Analysis and Recommendations for Community Health Workers and Stakeholders Responding to COVID-19 Health Inequities. Health Promotion Practice, 25(6), 971–984. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248399231201131
Article Statistic
Abstract view : 95 timesPDF (Bahasa Indonesia) views : 71 times
Dimensions Metrics
How To Cite This :
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Email this article 
