Factors Affecting Nurses' Actions in Prevention of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP): Literature Review
Abstract
Doctors, nurses, and other health teams have a very important role in the prevention of Ventilation Associated Pneumonia. VAP needs to be managed with a bundle of care from evidence-based guidelines (study results). Although some previous research can be used as evidence to prevent VAP, in reality, VAP cases are still common with various obstacles to preventing VAP, including a lack of attitudes and actions of nurses. This study is to analyze the factors that influence the attitudes and actions of nurses in preventing VAP. A literature review using PubMed, Scopus, Ebsco, and Google Scholar databases. publications from 2000 to 2021. Findings from studies were extracted and pooled, guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). The keywords used were "Ventilation Associated Pneumonia" OR "Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia" "Nurses" "Prevention" and "Experience". The inclusion criteria used were articles related to the prevention of VAP and its treatment, which used a qualitative, quantitative design, published from 2000 to 2021 which was not a research protocol, and a systematic review, in English, full text. A total of 358 articles were obtained. The final results obtained 5 articles that meet the review criteria. Based on the review of the article, the researcher found that the scope of previous research related to the prevention of VAP by nurses included aspects of education level, nurses' work experience, and lack of continuing education. It is necessary to take strategic steps such basic ICU training program that can improve the professional skills of nurses in the development of critical care skills to promote the protection, safety, and comfort of patients from VAP.
Abstrak: Dokter, perawat dan tim kesehatan lain memiliki peranan yang sangat penting dalam upaya pencegahan Ventilation Associated Pneumonia. VAP perlu dikelola dengan serangkaian tindakan pencegahan (bundle of care) dari pedoman yang berbasis bukti (hasil-hasil penelitian). Namun demikian, meski berbagai hasil-hasil penelitian dapat dijadikan bukti dan dapat di gunakan dalam upaya pencegahan VAP, pada kenyataannya terdapat berbagai kendala sehingga pencegahan VAP belum dapat dilakukan secara optimal. Berbagai studi terhahulu menyebutkan bahwa ketidakpatuhan tenaga kesehatan terhadap pencegahan VAP masih kerap terjadi. Sikap dan tindakan perawat dalam pencegahan VAP masih sangat kurang. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi sikap dan tindakan perawat dalam pencegahan VAP. Literature review menggunakan database PubMed, Scopus, Ebsco, Google Schoolar. publikasi dari tahun 2000 hingga 2021. Temuan dari studi diekstraksi dan dikumpulkan, dipandu oleh Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Keywords yang digunakan “Ventilation Associated Pneumonia” OR “Healthcare Associated Pneumonia” “Nurses” “Prevention” “Experience”. Kriteria inklusi yang digunakan adalah artikel yang berkaitan dengan pencegahan VAP dan penanganannya, yang menggunakan desain kualitatif, kuantitatif, diterbitkan tahun 2000 sampai tahun 2021 yang bukan merupakan protokol penelitian dan systematic review, berbahasa Inggris, full text. Didapatkan total 358 artikel. Hasil akhir diperoleh 5 artikel yang memenuhi syarat review. Dan berdasarkan kajian artikel tersebut, peneliti mendapati bahwa ruang lingkup peneletian sebelumnya terkait pencegahan VAP yang dilakukan perawat meliputi aspek tingkat pendidikan, pengalaman kerja perawat kurangnya pendidikan berkelanjutan. Tinjauan literature review ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlu dilakukan Langkah – Langkah strategis berupa program pelatihan ICU dasar yang dapat meningkatkan ketrampilan professional perawat dalam pengembangan ilmu cirtical care guna memberikan perlindungan, keamanan dan kenyamanan kepada pasien, dalam hal ini untuk mencegah terjadinya VAP pada pasien
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